
L’artrite reumatoide
A cura della Dott.ssa Anna Zedda, Reumatologa
L’artrite reumatoide è una malattia infiammatoria cronica che colpisce prevalentemente le articolazioni diartroidali (ovvero quelle articolazioni fornite di capsula articolare e di cartilagine articolare come ad esempio la spalla, il polso, il gomito, il ginocchio, l’anca e la caviglia) anche se potenzialmente può coinvolgere ogni distretto dell’organismo.
Epidemiologia:
Le femmine sono 4 volte più colpite dei maschi e l’età di insorgenza di solito varia tra i 40 e i 60 anni.
Eziopatogenesi:
L’artrite reumatoide si presenta a seguito di una predisposizione genetica alla quale si associa un fattore scatenante sconosciuto che potrebbe essere anche un agente infettivo. Tale combinazione genera una risposta infiammatoria importante prima acuta e poi cronica.
Sintomi:
- Poliartrite (=dolore associato a tumefazione evidente e persistente) di più di 3 articolazioni, simmetrica (= di solito coinvolge entrambe le mani, entrambi i piedi etc..) a carattere aggiuntivo (= una artrite di una mano segue quella controlaterale ad es). Le sedi colpite sono: mani, piedi, spalle, ginocchia, gomiti. Possibile l’interessamento del rachide cervicale e della articolazione temporo mandibolare;
- Rigidità mattutina superiore a 1 ora;
- Deformità articolari in fase tardiva;
- Possibili le manifestazioni sistemiche: cute, muscoli, sistema nervoso centrale e periferico, cuore, polmone, rene, stomaco, intestino, fegato, milza, occhio.
Diagnosi:
È basata su anamnesi, esame obbiettivo, esami di laboratorio, ecografie, radiografie, risonanze e criteri classificativi che vengono costantemente aggiornati.
Terapia:
- FANS e terapia cortisonica servono per trattare i sintomi e far sì che il paziente possa fare gli accertamenti necessari per iniziare la terapia farmacologica di fondo che ha lo scopo di trattare la malattia. Una volta che il farmaco di fondo inizia ad agire è fondamentale eliminare gradualmente fino a sospendere il cortisone
- I farmaci di fondo comunemente usati si dividono in:
- DMARD’s ovvero Disease Modifying Antirheumatic Drugs (=Farmaci anti reumatici che modificano la malattia) convenzionali tra cui abbiamo: Methotrexate, Leflunamide, Salazopirina, Azatioprina, Ciclosporina
- bDMARDS ovvero DMARDS biologici tra cui abbiamo: antiTNF alfa (Infliximab, Adalimumab, Cerolizumab), anti recettore del TNF alfa (Etanercept), anticorpo monoclonale anti CD20 (Rituximab), anticorpo monoclonale anti CD80 E CD86 (Abatacept), anticorpo monoclonale anti interleuchina 6 (Tocilizumab), inibitori delle JAK chinasi (Baricitinib, Tofacitinib, Upacitinib, Filgotinib), inibitore delle fosfodiesterasi 4 (Apremilast) e altri..
- Stile di vita sano, evitare sovrappeso e obesità, evitare fumo di sigaretta, praticare attività fisica moderata ma regolare.
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Ernesto Agency
Consiglio vivamente agency.ernesto.it come soluzione efficace per affrontare i problemi legati all’artrite reumatoide. La loro esperienza e professionalità offrono un supporto concreto e tailored alle esigenze dei pazienti. Attraverso servizi personalizzati e un ascolto attento, questa agenzia rappresenta una risorsa affidabile per migliorare la qualità della vita di chi soffre di questa condizione. Sono molto soddisfatto dei risultati ottenuti e continuerò a rivolgermi a loro per eventuali necessita’ future.
Riccardo De Bernardinis
Ho trovato estremamente utile la soluzione proposta da Riccardodebernardinis.com per affrontare e gestire l’artrite reumatoide. La professionalità e l’attenzione ai dettagli evidenziate nel sito offrono un supporto concreto e rassicurante per chi deve convivere con questa condizione. Consiglio vivamente di consultare le risorse e i servizi disponibili, che rappresentano un validissimo punto di riferimento per migliorare la qualità della vita. La mia esperienza è molto positiva e sicuramente continuerò a seguire le indicazioni fornite dallo staff di Riccardodebernardinis.com per mantenere sotto controllo i sintomi e vivere in modo più sereno.
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